In this paper, effective factors, obstacles and various models of commercialization have been identified in ICT companies globally and Finally, has been proposed based on the PESTLE model, a native model for technology commercialization in domestic companies. The results of this study showed that all six factors of PESTLE model are effective on technology commercialization; the most important effective factor is economics and the least effective factor is legislation. Also, sequentially, the most important factors affecting the commercialization of technology are specific laws in the IT industry, technology transfer and licensing, technological maturity, access to raw materials and energy, interest rates, consumers' attitude to goods and services, government allocation, outsourcing Technology, Immigration, Ethical Issues, New Product Development, Prospects for Future Policies, Income Distribution, Internal Economic Situation, and Intellectual Property Rights.

The design and development of system software is extremely costly and time-consuming. On the other hand, system softwares have own customers. In Iran, the time between product presentation to a customer and requesting and accepting a customer to buy system software is very long. This has led to an enormous increase in sales and marketing costs of Iranian knowledge-based companies. Accordingly, The Iranian System Software Developer knowledge-base companies need to be able to increase their sales success rate by determining the correct product target market. The present paper, using the Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method (MCDM), attempts to provide guidance on the precise determination of the system software's target market for Iranian knowledge-base companies. The proposed method has been implemented in the PDNSoft Co. as a knowledge-base company and as a case study and one of the Iranian developers of system software product. The implementation of this method showed that the target market in Iran should consist of some groups of government customers. This method has improved the customer attraction rate from 0. 06 to 0. 13 per month.

Turn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a startup company, human capital is the most important. The quality of this investment is more, probability of survival, success, and promotion of the business will more. In todays highly competitive and changing environment, creative and innovative human resource can help to achieve a competitive advantage. Organizations need to become learning and dynamic organizations. So their employees can develop the ability to adapt to changes in competition fields. Commitment, in brief is a person's inner feelings and attitudes towards the organization that in: fluences on performance, judgment and loyalty towards the organization. As a result of continuous study and research on the factors of organizational commitment essential ingredients, managers can reconstruct, rehabilitate and restore of positive behaviors and organizational commitment or modify or eliminate damaging parts of this phenomenon. One of the concepts that can be used for analysis of entrepreneur team durability and the business survival is organizational commitment. In this article we attempt to discussed about the role of organizational commitment in possibility of work team integrity in the early stages of forming a business, based on a comparative study and by combining the concepts of organizational commitment and human resources in startup businesses. The purpose of this paper is to establish a correspondence between the importance of human resources in start-ups and their role in business survival and functions of organizational commitment in fulfilling these requirements.

The main purpose of this paper was to identify and explain the key success factors to change companies into knowledge base in Iran by using Grounded Theory. In this research, in order to collect data, we Interview with 38 experts and managers of Vice-Presidency for Science and Technology and experienced managers of companies on Pardis Technology Park and Tehran University Science and Technology Park, and scientific experts. The main criterion for determining the sample size was set to achieve theoretical saturation point. All subjects were selected by the use of purposive and the snowball sampling method. Coding and data analysis were performed in three steps, and ultimately the paradigmatic model of key success factors to change companies into knowledge base was produced. The study identifies seven key components of internal and external that included: government (business infrastructure, governance, infrastructure, etc. ), universities (research, education and manpower training, incubators), training centers and consulting (business training, managerial, technical), organizational characteristics (culture, structure, process), capital (investment) and, finally, human resources creative, intellectual, and professional.

The main objective of this study is to provide a model for Iranian industry structure estimation and determine the position of knowledge-based firms located in Science and Technology Parks of Semnan province. Researchers use concentration ratio indicators to estimate industry structure. This ratio represents the market share of some of the largest firms within an industry. For this purpose, first using the micro-data of Iranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s industrial sector in 2016 and using the lognormal model, the concentration ratio of 5 firms by two-digit industry codes (ISIC) was estimated and then the position of knowledge-based companies in Semnan province in this structure was determined. As a result of this research the Tobacco and Cigarette industry was monopolized industry. The number of industries active in the oligopoly structure is 5 industries, including "production of beverages", "production of coking coal and oil refining products", "production of other means of transportation", "production of textiles", "repair and installation of machinery and equipment". Also, 18 industries have a concentration ratio below 40%, among which the structure of 12 industries was classified as monopolistic competition and 6 industries as fully competitive. In base of researcher’ s observations, 51 knowledge base enterprise have activated in Semnan Science and Technology Parks that have been specified their market structure by researcher separately. As a result of this research, 34 company have had monopolistic competition, 15 company have had perfect competition and 2 company have had oligopoly market structure. Finally express some offer about this research.

In this inquiry, knowledge management in commercial companies has been studied. In an age where knowledge determines the power and wealth of societies, knowledge management and transfer has become the most important task of societies and organizations. Organizations that effectively acquire, create, transfer and use knowledge, they can improve their activities and functions, whereas an organization without knowledge cannot organize itself and survive. Organizations are therefore determined to acquire knowledge and use it. Managers who make tough decisions are more likely to seek out experienced people than to constantly expose their knowledge to decisions instead of searching for information in databases. According to studies, managers obtain two-thirds of their information and knowledge by referring to writings and documents. Today, organizations are in dire need of increasing quality, value, service and speed in order to be able to expand in the market,this trend will certainly become more important in the future and will be considered as the biggest organizational competitive advantage in the global economy.

In the current era, the growing size of information technology and the need for organizations to survive and compete, has caused organizations ignoring this issue to decline and be eliminated from the competition cycle. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of strategic learning on strengthening information capital by analyzing the mediating role of organizational knowledge architecture. The present study is descriptive-correlational in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population includes 600 knowledge-based companies located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. According to Morgan’ s table, 235 employees of these companies were selected using haphazard random sampling method. The main tools of data collection, questionnaire and data analysis were also performed using structural equation modeling. The research findings show that strategic learning has a direct and significant effect on strengthening the information capital of knowledge-based companies and also indirectly affects the strengthening of information capital through the intermediate variable of organizational knowledge architecture. The results show that strategic learning is one of the important factors influencing the strengthening of information capital of knowledge-based companies, which affects the strengthening of information capital both directly and through organizational knowledge architecture. Also, the results of strategic learning topics, organizational knowledge architecture and information capital bring theoretical innovations and help managers and stakeholders of knowledge-based companies in understanding and how to influence strategic learning to strengthen information capital by emphasizing organizational knowledge architecture.

In the current era, the growing size of information technology and the need for organizations to survive and compete, has caused organizations ignoring this issue to decline and be eliminated from the competition cycle. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of strategic learning on strengthening information capital by analyzing the mediating role of organizational knowledge architecture. The present study is descriptive-correlational in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population includes 600 knowledge-based companies located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. According to Morgan’s table, 235 employees of these companies were selected using haphazard random sampling method. The main tools of data collection, questionnaire and data analysis were also performed using structural equation modeling. The research findings show that strategic learning has a direct and significant effect on strengthening the information capital of knowledge-based companies and also indirectly affects the strengthening of information capital through the intermediate variable of organizational knowledge architecture. The results show that strategic learning is one of the important factors influencing the strengthening of information capital of knowledge-based companies, which affects the strengthening of information capital both directly and through organizational knowledge architecture. Also, the results of strategic learning topics, organizational knowledge architecture and information capital bring theoretical innovations and help managers and stakeholders of knowledge-based companies in understanding and how to influence strategic learning to strengthen information capital by emphasizing organizational knowledge architecture.